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Bilateralism in Agriculture when Countries use Distorting Domestic Policies AgEcon
May, Daniel E..
A recent theoretical research proved that countries always have an incentive to deviate from global free trade when international markets are oligopolistic and when governments are politically biased. This result suggests that global free trade in agriculture (GFTA) cannot be reached as political bias and market power have both been identified. According to May (2011), bilateral agreements could eventually be used as alternative political tools to reach GFTA. This article extends the work of this author to determine whether bilateralism could also lead to GFTA in a realistic world where governments use distorting domestic policies to protect their agricultural sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Bilateral Agreements; Agricultural Trade Liberalization; Distorting Domestic Policies; International Trade Networks.; International Relations/Trade; F12; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114657
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Border Effects on Spatial Price Transmission between Fresh Tomato Markets in Ghana and Burkina-Faso: Any Case for Promoting Trans-Border Trade in West Africa? AgEcon
Amikuzuno, Joseph.
Cross-border trade in food commodities within sub-regional economic blocks in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is believed to be faster, cheaper, more convenient and welfare-enhancing than overseas trade between SSA countries and the USA, EU and the BRIC countries. The difficulty of commodity arbitrage across international borders SSA is however a fundamental constraint to price transmission, market integration and the realisation of the welfare-enhancing role of cross-border trade in Africa. This study examines the impact of border and distance on price transmission between tomato markets in Ghana and Burkina-Faso. The analysis applies a regime-switching vector error correction model to estimate semi-weekly, wholesale prices of tomato in four tomato markets in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Price Transmission; Border; Tomato; Ghana; Burkina-Faso; Agribusiness; C32; Q11; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115519
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Border Effects on Spatial Price Transmission between Fresh Tomato Markets in Ghana and Burkina-Faso: Any Case for Promoting Trans-border Trade in West Africa? AgEcon
Amikuzuno, Joseph.
Cross-border trade in food commodities within sub-regional economic blocks in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is believed to be faster, cheaper, more convenient and welfare-enhancing than trade between SSA countries and the USA or EU. The difficulty of commodity arbitrage across borders in SSA is however a fundamental impediment to price transmission, market integration and the realisation of the welfare-enhancing role of cross-border trade. This study examines the impact of border and distance on price transmission between tomato in Ghana and Burkina-Faso. The analysis applies a linear and a regime-switching vector error correction model to estimate wholesale prices of tomato in four tomato markets in Ghana and a producer market in Burkina-Faso. The estimated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Price Transmission; Border; Tomato; Ghana; Burkina-Faso; International Relations/Trade; C32; Q11; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108943
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Border Enforcement and Firm Response in the Management of Invasive Species AgEcon
Ameden, Holly A.; Cash, Sean B.; Zilberman, David.
This analysis presents a theoretical model of firm response to border enforcement and evaluates both the intended and unintended effects under two enforcement regimes: destruction versus treatment of contaminated shipments. The results indicate that importers may respond to increased inspection by reducing shipments and decreasing due care. In response to increased pest populations, firms may reduce shipments and increase due care, indicating that an enforcement response may not be necessary. The analysis reveals the importance of the nature of the due-care technology, as well as the relationships underlying the probability of detection, in determining the effects of enforcement.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Border enforcement; Environmental regulation; Invasive species; Trade and environment; F18; L51; Q17; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37112
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Border Price and Export Demand Shocks for Developing Countries from Rest-of-World Trade Liberalization Using the Linkage Model AgEcon
van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Valenzuela, Ernesto; Anderson, Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52797
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Brokers vs. Retailers: Evidence from the French Imports Industry of Fresh Produce. AgEcon
Latouche, Karine; Rouviere, Elodie.
There is burgeoning discussion in the literature about trade intermediaries and more precisely about their specific role in trade. Using very original data, our article sheds light on the behavior of trade intermediaries when importing fresh fruits and vegetables in France. To do so, we distinguish the shares of direct and indirect imports of fresh produce respectively operated through French brokers and through French retailers. Accounting for the bounded nature of the share, we show that brokers are more likely than retailers to operate in small countries with high variable costs.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Mporters; Intermediation; Fresh produce; International Trade.; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F23; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123331
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Brokers vs. Retailers: Evidence from the French Imports Industry of Fresh Produce. AgEcon
Latouche, Karine; Rouviere, Elodie.
There is little discussion in the literature about trade intermediaries because data is rare. Using very original data, our article sheds light on the behavior of trade intermediaries when importing fresh fruit and vegetables in France. To do so, we distinguish among direct and indirect imports respectively operated through brokers or retailers. We then investigate the impact of country level data on the share of indirect/direct flows of imports by country of origin at the 8-digit level that enter the french market. We show that brokers are more likely to operate in context when fixed and variable costs to trade are high whereas retailers are sensitive to tariffs and product sensitivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114398
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Calculating Costs of Pig Production with the InterPIG Network AgEcon
Haxsen, Gerhard.
Summary: This working paper presents objectives, methods and the empirical basis of the international working group InterPIG. The members of the group act within an informal network as a base for a mutual exchange of data needed for a unique way to annually calculate the costs of pig production and to analyse their determinants. The working paper informs on the contributions of the members to the network, explains the method for calculating the production costs and presents results of 2006. Further, it shows how InterPIG can react to rapid price changes like the increase of the feed prices during 2007.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Zusammenfassung: Dieser Arbeitsbericht stellt Ziele, Methode und...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Piglet production; Pig fattening; Relation of costs and returns; International comparison of costs; Livestock Production/Industries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102573
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Can virtual water 'trade' reduce water scarcity in semi-arid countries? The case of Spain AgEcon
Garrido, Alberto; Novo, Paula; Rodriguez Casado, Roberto; Varela-Ortega, Consuelo.
Agricultural trade is by far the largest vehicle to ‘move’ water virtually around the world. Observing that most countries import and export water embedded in the exchanged products, the objective of this study is to assess the virtual water ‘trade’ in Spain for the period 1997-2006. We differentiate between the green and blue components of virtual water from a hydrological and economic perspective. The combination of spatial and time dimensions offers a unique empirical setting to determine whether virtual water ‘trade’ can contribute to reduce water scarcity. The study reveals that Spain is a net ‘importer’ of virtual water. By far the largest virtual water ‘imports’ are linked to cereals and animal feed products whilst the virtual water ‘exports’ are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Virtual water ‘trade’; Farm trade; Water scarcity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q17; Q25; Q27; Q56.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51048
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CAP Reform and the Mediterranean EU-Member States AgEcon
Borresch, Rene; Kavallari, Aikaterini; Schmitz, P. Michael.
In the previous years the Mediterranean Member States of the EU came across the Reform of the CAP and especially last year faced the second wave of the Reform for three typical Mediterranean products, namely cotton, olive oil and tobacco. In this paper a partial equilibrium model is used to simulate the impacts of decoupling, as a key point of the decided CAP Reform. The second wave of the Reform appears to be of crucial importance for the southern EU countries and although the producer's income is reduced, there are positive welfare effects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Partial equilibrium model; CAP reform; Greece; Italy; Spain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q17; D59.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24607
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CAP Reform in the Light of the WTO Doha Round Negotiations AgEcon
Halmai, Peter; Elekes, Andrea.
Our paper focuses on the question: how the measures of June 2003 agreement can help the EU to meet the new WTO commitments. As decoupling of direct payments and WTO classification of the new payments seem to be one of the most important questions from the point of view of WTO negotiations, our analysis focuses mainly on the Single Farm Payment (SFP). We assesses the decoupled nature of the single farm payment (SFP) based on WTO and OECD criteria. We conclude that the SFP meets not only the current WTO (design based) criteria of decoupling, but can also be qualified as effective fully decoupled system using the OECD terminology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: CAP reform; WTO; Decoupling; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; F13; F15.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24693
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Caratteristiche e mutamenti del commercio agro-alimentare: un confronto fra Italia ed India AgEcon
Privitera, Donatella; Rognetta, Bernardo.
This paper examines the product specialisation of Italian trade over the period 2000-2006 to identify the roots of Italy’s sluggish trade performance with respect to India. In particular, the analysis focuses on the role of product specialisation in relation to world trade growth and competition from emerging countries. We used trade indicators to describe and asses the state of trade flows and trade patterns of a particular country like India and also to monitor these flows over time and across countries. Till the early 1990s, India was a closed economy: average tariffs exceeded 200 percent, quantitative restrictions on imports were extensive, and there were stringent restrictions on foreign investment. The country began to cautiously reform in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Emerging Countries; Trade Indicators; Competitive Pressures; Q17.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48177
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Caribbean Food Import Demand: Influence of the Changing Dynamics of the Caribbean Economy AgEcon
Walters, Lurleen M.; Jones, Keithly G..
Using FAO data for 1961-2009, this study characterizes the trends in Caribbean food imports and uses the Central Bureau Statistics demand system to estimate import demand parameters. The findings and policy implications of the study are evaluated in the context of Caribbean food security concerns.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Food imports; Import demand parameters; Central Bureau Statistics demand system; Food security; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119724
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Cattle Trade and the Risk of Importing Animal Diseases into the Netherlands AgEcon
Achterbosch, Thom J.; Dopfer, Dorte D.V.; Tabeau, Andrzej A..
Projections of live cattle trade in the EU-25 assist to reduce the uncertainty on the risk of importing animal diseases in the Netherlands. The accession of 10 member states to the European Union has a potentially large impact on livestock trade in the EU as it liberalized in one stroke a trade that was administered by the Management Committee for Beef until May 1, 2004. The approach combines AG-Memod partial equilibrium with GTAP general equilibrium modelling in order to estimate the impact of quota liberalization. Quota removal will substantially alter the regional structure of livestock imports, as the share of new EU member states in the east triples to 25%. The risk outlook indicates a need for enhanced animal health services in the new member states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Livestock; Animal disease; Trade; Projections; Quota; EU-enlargement; Risk and Uncertainty; F17; I18; Q17.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24558
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Challenges for Less Developed Countries: Agricultural Policies in the EU and the US AgEcon
Schure, Paul; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Wang, Yichuan.
Agricultural policies adopted by developed countries are considered distortional and detrimental to less developed countries (LDCs). This paper discusses the adverse impacts on less developed countries of the agricultural support regimes of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Despite the fact that the budget for agriculture in these constituencies has the same order of magnitude, we find that the EU relies much more heavily on agricultural support than does the US. Specifically, the EU provides agricultural producers with an amount of support that is about two-and-a-half times that of the US, and for most commodities a larger share of farmers’ income stems from support measures as well. While the composition of producer support differs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultural support; European Union; US; Developing countries; Least-developed countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37047
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Challenges in Modeling the Effects of Trade Agreements on the Agricultural Sector AgEcon
Westhoff, Patrick C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; Meyers, William H..
Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of models, calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, representation of the reform agreement, use of extramodel information, choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling. Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined. We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic modeling; Trade agreements; Q17; Q18; F13.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43385
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Changing contributions of different agricultural policy instruments to global reductions in trade and welfare AgEcon
Croser, Johanna L.; Anderson, Kym.
Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to international trade and economic welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete indicators, especially when (especially in developing countries) some commodities are taxed and others are subsidized in which case positive contributions can offset negative contributions. This paper develops and estimates a new set of more-satisfactory indicators to examine the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to reductions in agricultural trade and welfare, drawing on recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes and a recently compiled database on distortions to agricultural prices for 75...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural price and trade policies; Trade restrictiveness index; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; F15; N57; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58881
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Changing Produce Marketing Barriers: A Comparison Among Three Southern States AgEcon
Eastwood, David B.; Brooker, John R.; Hall, Charles R.; Rhea, Alice J.; Estes, Edmund A.; Woods, Timothy A..
Produce growers in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee were surveyed in 2002 to gather information about their decision making in the areas of planting, postharvest handling, marketing, and expected changes. North Carolina has proportionately more respondents with large operations, and Kentucky and Tennessee were more similar and concentrated in smaller farms. Tennessee and Kentucky respondents were less likely to have engaged in activities that were associated with the commercial distribution system. Greater reliance on the commercial distribution system on the part of North Carolina growers is consistent with more produce export activity.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cooling; Direct markets; Postharvest handling; Produce marketing; Traceback; D30; D40; Q12; Q13; Q16; Q17.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43205
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Chicken Supreme: How the Indonesian Poultry Sector Can Survive Avian Influenza AgEcon
Vanzetti, David.
Avian influenza is a deadly disease that can spread rapidly through poultry. There are many documented cases of transmission from birds to people, but as yet only rare instances of human to human transmission. Nonetheless, public health officials are concerned about the possibility of a human pandemic, and many countries have policies of banning imports of live birds and poultry meat from infected regions. The potential impacts on Indonesia of a production shock, a shift in consumption or a trade ban are assessed using a heterogeneous product model where imports are differentiated by source. Empirical results suggest the likely trade impacts in Indonesia are minimal because its trade is a small share of production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Avian Influenza; Trade; Poultry; Indonesia; Livestock Production/Industries; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10384
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Chinese Tariff Rate Quota v.s. U.S. Subsidies: What Affects the World Cotton Market More? AgEcon
Pan, Suwen; Welch, Mark; Mohanty, Samarendu; Fadiga, Mohamadou L.; Ethridge, Don E..
Paper replaced with new version 8/17/05
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cotton; International trade; Subsidies; TRQ; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19111
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